A ground fault occurs when electrical current strays from its intended path and flows into an unintended one—often through a conductive surface like water, a metal object, or even a person. Instead of traveling safely through the wiring system, the current “leaks” to the ground.
Ground faults are commonly caused by:
- Moisture, such as using appliances in wet or damp areas
- Damaged or frayed wires
- Faulty appliances or tools that allow current to escape
- Improper wiring or deteriorated insulation
GFCIs play an important role in helping to reduce the occurrence of shocks and electrocutions. They monitor the electrical flow and shut off power instantly when they detect a ground fault, greatly reducing the risk of electrical shock.